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Jaya: An Illustrated Retelling of the Mahabharata, by Devdutt Pattanaik
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High above the sky stands Swarga, paradise, abode of the gods. Still above is Vaikuntha, heaven, abode of God. The doorkeepers of Vaikuntha are the twins, Jaya and Vijaya, both whose names mean victory . One keeps you in Swarga; the other raises you into Vaikuntha. In Vaikuntha there is bliss forever, in Swarga there is pleasure for only as long as you deserve. What is the difference between Jaya and Vijaya? Solve this puzzle and you will solve the mystery of the Mahabharata. In this enthralling retelling of India s greatest epic, the Mahabharata, originally known as Jaya, Devdutt Pattanaik seamlessly weaves into a single narrative plots from the Sanskrit classic as well as its many folk and regional variants, including the Pandavani of Chattisgarh, Gondhal of Maharashtra, Terukkuttu of Tamil Nadu, and Yakshagana of Karnataka. Richly illustrated with over 250 line drawings by the author, the 108 chapters abound with little-known details such as the names of the hundred Kauravas, the worship of Draupadi as a goddess in Tamil Nadu, the stories of Astika, Madhavi, Jaimini, Aravan and Barbareek, the Mahabharata version of the Shakuntalam and the Ramayana, and the dating of the war based on astronomical data. With clarity and simplicity, the tales in this elegant volume reveal the eternal relevance of the Mahabharata, the complex and disturbing meditation on the human condition that has shaped Indian thought for over 3000 years.
- Sales Rank: #102741 in Books
- Published on: 2010-08-14
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.90" h x 1.20" w x 6.90" l, .99 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 372 pages
Review
I had always thought of reading and knowing the Mahabharata but somehow I just couldn't sit down and go through the traditional one. That is when I stumbled upon JAYA. And grateful as I am, this book is for all those who just want to know that little something about our culture and beliefs. The work put in by the author in gathering the facts will leave you absolutely stunned and once you are done with it you would feel like acting like an expert on hindu Mythology.....!!! Really it is that good...... So go ahead and grab your copy..... do not borrow it but Buy it..... it is one of the must haves in your classics.....! Happy Reading...! --Siddhartha Sharma on 28 Sep 2011
This has to be one of the best books on Mahabharat. The best part of book is it is impartial and factual. Also every chapter end with few bullet points, trying to connect events and customs in story, with probable prevailing customers in reality around that period. It interprets Mahabharat not just as a story, but also from a rational point of view. A Must-Read ! --Parth Pooniwala on 22 Sep 2013
All I have is Respect for Mr.Devdutt for his brilliant understanding of mythology and mastery in portraying the most complex thoughts in the simplest , believable and UN-offending manner. Jaya is mahabharat the biggest epic ever written uncovered to the roots... I loved reading every single word from it...like I was discovering my own past. Its a must read for all mythology buffs! --Sumit Pandey on 16 Nov 2012
About the Author
Devdutt Pattanaik is a medical doctor by education, a leadership consultant by profession, and a mythologist by passion. He has written and lectured extensilvey on the nature of sacred stories, symbols and rituals and their relevance in modern times. His books include The Book of Ram, Myth=Mithya: A Handbook of Hindu Mythology and The Pregnant King and The Book of Kali is based on his talks.
Most helpful customer reviews
41 of 45 people found the following review helpful.
Fascinating, different, enlightening retelling of India's greatest epic
By Abhinav Agarwal
Jaya is a fascinating retelling of the Mahabharata, the great Indian epic, by author Devdutt Patanaik. While the story of the Mahabharata has been told and retold thousands of times over thousands of years, the story never gets old, nor does its relevance lose relevance. Each honest retelling adds something to our knowledge of this great epic, and each time a reader reads a new retelling, he learns something new about this great epic, and about life itself.
This book is a little different from other retellings because of several reasons
Firstly, it includes tales from regional versions of the Mahabharata, going to places out of India like Indonesia where the Mahabharata is part of the folklore. This helps you become aware of how pervasive this epic is in India and elsewhere. I did not know there is a temple where Duryodhana is worshiped.
Second, the organization of the book itself is interesting. It is divided into 18 chapters, and a total of 108 sections. 108, you see, has immense significance in Hinduism. 108 names of Vishnu, 108 beads in a rosary, and so on.
Third, there are comments sprinkled all over that point us, the reader, to specific aspects of the epic, whether they pertain to the status of women in ancient India, or the acceptance of transgenders, or the unintended consequences of karma - a central tenet of the Gita, and much more.
Fourthly, the book takes a critical look at the some of the central characters in the epic - Arjun, Drona, Bheeshma, and others. We often forget that Drona was a brahmin who became a warrior. Was it his dharma to have done so? Was he motivated by a sense of revenge? Of taking revenge on his once childhood friend, Drupada? What about Bheeshma? He took a vow of celibacy, yet ended up rearing the children of Satyavati, and their sons, and their sons. In acting has they did, each of these characters were doing as they thought their dharma was. Even the rascal Jayadratha - who, along with Duryodhana, believed in "matsya nyaya" - the rule of the fish, as in the larger fish eat the smaller fish. There are observations galore, interspersed after sections and chapters that give the reader occasion to pause and reflect.
Finally, I believe this book is best read if you are already somewhat familiar with the epic. If not, it may be worthwhile to get your hands on a shortened version of the epic and then jump into this book. There is no shortage of books on the Mahabharata. The most common and popular ones are the ones by C Rajagopalachari (Mahabharata), for decades the de-facto starter edition for millions of Indians. This, along with the one by RK Narayan (The Mahabharata: A Shortened Modern Prose Version of the Indian Epic), are the simplest, but also very sanitized, versions of the epic.
Finally, finally, note that there are some sections in the book that are slightly graphic in nature, and not suitable for reading by young readers. The author notes as much in the introduction.
For those wanting to dive into a multi-year study of the epic, there is the critical edition. One by KM Ganguly (The Mahabharata - a trifle 4900 pages), and a more recent one by the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, also known as the Poona edition (The Mahabharata, for the First Time Critically Edited (POONA EDITION: CRITICAL EDITION SET OF 30 LARGE VOLUMES, WITH THE PRATIKA-INDEX)).
This book is a rewarding experience and helps you see the epic in a new light.
16 of 17 people found the following review helpful.
An analytical look at the Epic
By Raghu Nathan
In my teens in India, I used to be fascinated by the retelling of the Mahabharata by Rajaji in Tamil. I read it repeatedly over the years and was well conversant with the myths, the war and its aftermath. One thing that always stood out as an anamoly was the repeated conduct of 'adharmic' actions by the Pandavas during the war and Krishna's collusion in most of them. However, Rajaji, being a devotee of Krishna himself, always glossed over these acts of adharma and presented mostly a sanitised picture of the Pandavas as the good guys, the Kauravas as the bad guys and the role of Krishna as beyond evaluation because he was God himself on Earth. Rajaji also was guilty of presenting an incomplete picture of the epic in some ways. For example, he writes that the Pandavas, during their exile in the forest, were implored by the King of Animals to stop decimating the deer population in their search for food. Yudhishtra agrees and moves away from the forest and Rajaji heralds this as an indication of the environmental concern of our ancestors. But he completely avoids mentioning the cruelty of the Pandavas in burning down the Khandavaprastha forest to build the city of Indraprastha, killing all the animals, reptiles, trees and insects wantonly.
Hence, for me, this book by Devdutt Pattanaik is a welcome addition to the retelling of the Mahabharata. He takes a more critical and objective look at the epic and speculates on the motives of the various players in the epic without being constrained by false religious devotion and dogma. He also brings in alternative versions of the epic from various folk traditions in Tamilnadu, Orissa, Rajasthan and Indonesia. I found this book an educational and refreshing read.
The story is too well known to be recounted here. Instead, I shall touch upon some of the other interesting aspects of the epic that the author writes about.
1. The author quotes Indian psychoanalysts of the Freudian school to suggest that Indian men possibly suffer from the 'Yayati complex' rather than the 'Oedipus complex'. In the Greek view, dominated by the Oedipus complex, it is the next generation which inherits society, while in the Indian world-view, dominated by the Yayati complex, it is the older generation which always dominates society, explaining the stranglehold of tradition over modernity in Indian society. I guess all Indians can relate to this very well from personal experience!
2. This retelling of the epic also brings the Pandavas and Bhishma down to earth instead of blindly keeping them on a pedestal of perfection. The author suggests that Arjuna was very insecure about his position as the best archer and that the Pandavas were mostly insecure and unsure of their identity till their marriage to Draupadi. It was the marriage to the daughter of the King of Panchala which gave them a sense of royal identity and power. Most narrations of the epic do not suggest such a prime role for Draupadi. Elsewhere, it is also shown that the Pandavas did argue and bicker among themselves over Yudhishtra's penchant for continuing to play the game of dice and losing everything in the process. Bhishma is also shown to be not so saintly but prone to pride and arrogance in the way he kidnapped Amba, Ambika and Ambalika and ruining Amba's life in the process. The author lists ten major acts of 'adharma' during the war and shows that eight belonged to the Pandavas (and Krishna) while only two were committed by the Kauravas.
3.Dating the Epic: Indians often like to date the Mahabharata as far back in time as possible because we seem to think that something must be great just because it is very old. Here, the author quotes B.N. Narahari Achar of the Dept of Physics, Memphis Univ, USA in dating the epic using the Planetarium software. Based on astronimical data exactly as given in the epic - that two eclipses separated by 13 days took place around the war, that of a lunar eclipse and then a solar eclipse with Saturn at Rohini and Jupiter at Revathi - the Great war must have started on 22 Nov 3067 BCE. The author also suggests that the epic was written over many centuries, starting with the Vedic times around 2000 BCE all the way to 300 CE when the Bhagvad Gita was possibly added. The proof he gives is as follows: 'The Gods invoked by Kunti and Madri to beget children were Vedic Gods like Yama, Vayu and Indra rather than Shiva or Vishnu or Brahma. The notion of an all-powerful God is a later development in Hindu thought. This indicates that the epic first took shape in Vedic times which were dominated by beliefs in elemental spirits.
There are many more commentaries by the author on other aspects of the Epic which make this book a very worthwhile read. The illustrations are not bad either. Even non-Indians can get a good understanding of the epic through this book though the number of characters may simply overwhelm one and all.
10 of 12 people found the following review helpful.
A great book for the beginner and practicing
By Reader
I'm a practicing Hindu and I was frankly impressed with the book. The book is not a retelling, but provides the wisdom behind the story. I have heard the stories before, but never the wisdom. For that alone, I give it 5 stars. It gives a peek into the complicated Indian mind, where there is no "right" and "wrong", and everything is subjective. There is no victory or defeat, everything lies in the mind. The other greatest impact this book had on me is it forced me to think deeply about the karmic law, and how can I come out of it. It does not try to rationalize or de-rationalize the story, it just tells the story as it is. He gives his interpretations in a separate box, enabling easy separation of the author's point of view and the actual story. Now after reading this book I want to read other books he has authored to provide me the wisdom behind Hindu epics.
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